Development of a thermal and structural analysis procedure for cooled radial turbines

A procedure for computing the rotor temperature and stress distributions in a cooled radial turbine are considered. Existing codes for modeling the external mainstream flow and the internal cooling flow are used to compute boundary conditions for the heat transfer and stress analysis. The inviscid, quasi three dimensional code computes the external free stream velocity. The external velocity is then used in a boundary layer analysis to compute the external heat transfer coefficients. Coolant temperatures are computed by a viscous three dimensional internal flow cade for the momentum and energy equation. These boundary conditions are input to a three dimensional heat conduction code for the calculation of rotor temperatures. The rotor stress distribution may be determined for the given thermal, pressure and centrifugal loading. The procedure is applied to a cooled radial turbine which will be tested at the NASA Lewis Research Center. Representative results are given

Understanding the role of social media in political corporate branding research in the context of Indian politics

This paper seeks to explore how political actors within the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) use social media in their communication campaigns and how these social media platforms are understood by citizens following the 2014 Indian General Election. This research attempts to address the limited understanding of social media in the context of politics (Barnard and Kreiss, 2013; Burton and Shea, 2010; Cogburn and Espinoza-Vasquez 2011; Ganz, 2009; Gulati and Williams, 2007; Kumar 2009; Owen and Davis 2008). Furthermore, the limited research on political branding and social media has predominantly focused a western context negating eastern perspectives including the republic of India. This study will use the adapted Kapferer’s (2008) brand identity prism developed by Pich et al. (2014) to a political setting. This framework will ground the study and offer the opportunity to examine the role of social media from an internal brand identity and external brand image perspective. The findings will have implications not only for political parties but also for politicians, candidates and other parties interested in social media. This study will offer organisations a mechanism that will allow them understand how their social media is projected and understood and allow them to investigate whether their projected brand identity is coherent with the understood external brand image

Equation of state model development and compositional simulation of enhanced oil recovery using gas injection for the West Sak heavy oil

Thesis (M.S.) University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2007West Sak oil field, with its very huge reserves of heavy oil, has the potential of supplementing the declining light oil production on the Alaska North Slope. Due to the heavy nature of oil, its phase behavior is very complex. A proper understanding of the phase behavioral changes of the West Sak oil is crucial to design any enhanced oil recovery scheme. Such Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) techniques are essential in the absence of natural drive mechanisms in these reservoirs. For the proper selection of any EOR technique, reservoir simulation studies should prove its viability. Accordingly, a complete phase behavior analysis of the West Sak crude oil was carried out. All the available experimental data was scrutinized and a model equation of state was developed that should describe the phase behavior of West Sak oil. After having done that, reservoir simulation was carried out to study the implications of employing gas injection as an EOR technique for the West Sak reservoir. It was found that a definite increase in heavy oil production can be obtained with proper selection of injectant gas and optimized reservoir operating parameters. A comparative analysis is provided which should help in making such a decision.1. Introduction -- 1.1. Overview -- 1.2. Objectives -- 2. Literature review -- 2.1. Phase behavior of petroleum reservoir fluids -- 2.1.1. Peng-Robinson equation of state -- 2.2. Tuning of equation of state -- 2.2.1. Tuning procedure -- 2.2.1.1. Splitting the plus fraction -- 2.2.1.2. Critical properties correlation -- 2.2.1.3. Grouping schemes -- 2.2.1.4. Tuning parameter selection -- 2.3. WinProp -- 2.4. West Sak reservoir -- 2.4.1. Geologic overview -- 2.4.2. Petrophysical properties -- 2.5. Enhanced oil recovery -- 2.5.1. Miscible displacement processes -- 2.5.2. Gas injection -- 2.6. Reservoir simulation -- 3. Methodology -- 3.1. Equation of state model development -- 3.2. Reservoir simulation -- 3.2.1. Model development -- 3.2.2. Enhanced oil recovery -- 4. Results and discussions -- 4.1. Equation of state -- 4.2. Reservoir simulation -- 4.2.1. Vertical five-spot injection pattern -- 4.2.2. Horizontal injection pattern -- 5. Conclusions and recommendations -- 5.1. Conclusions -- 5.2. Recommendations -- References -- Glossary -- Appendices

FIELD TRIALS AS AN EXTENSION TECHNIQUE: THE CASE OF SWAZILAND

One potentially serious problem in evaluating the effectiveness of extension programs is that participants are not picked at random. Self-selection can be a problem, and it can be compounded if extension officials concentrate on the most progressive farms. This study explores the relationships between adoption of maize high-yielding varieties (HYVs) and participation in field trials intended to foster HYV usage, drawing on data from Swaziland. Results indicate that it is impossible to say if field trials had any effect on adoption. Participating farms used more HYVs, but this could have been due to self-selection or the government's selection process.Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession,

Countries Military Expenditures: Definitions and Determinants

Since the beginning of civilization, every country has always been interested to know the defence system of the other countries and are making constant efforts to make a well-built and efficient defence system than the other nations. Thus, the size and the pattern of military expenditure of a country does not depend only on its GDP or financial capability; in addition it depends on various other factors. All these factors may be identified as economic, non-economic, internal, external, political, geographical, geopolitics and geostrategic factors among others. All these factors are playing a vital role in determining the size and the composition of the military expenditure of a country. Military Expenditure is the amount of financial resources allocated by a nation to maintain armed forces and other essential services for defence purpose. Military expenditures are one of the most critically observed components of public expenditure. The standard definitions of military expenditure have been proposed by some international organizations and research institutes that are involved in the study of the defence sector. In this issue, one of the vital problems is how to define military expenditure or which public expenditure should be a part of military expenditure, further what are the main determinants of the military expenditure of a country